This is the 17th edition of the Global Peace Index (GPI), which ranks 163 independent states and territories according to their level of peacefulness. Produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), the GPI is the world’s leading measure of global peacefulness. This report presents the most comprehensive data-driven analysis to date on trends in peace, its economic value, and how to develop peaceful societies.
The GPI covers 163 countries comprising 99.7 per cent of the world’s population, using 23 qualitative and quantitative indicators from highly respected sources, and measures the state of peace across three domains: the level of Societal Safety and Security; the extent of _Ongoing Domestic _and International Conflict; and the degree of Militarisation.
In addition to discussing the findings from the 2023 GPI, the report includes an analysis of current conflicts and potential future conflicts, including an analysis of the likely economic impact of a Chinese blockade of Taiwan on the global economy.
This year’s results found that the average level of global peacefulness deteriorated by 0.42 per cent. This is the thirteenth deterioration in peacefulness in the last fifteen years, with 84 countries improving and 79 deteriorating in peacefulness in 2022.
Iceland remains the most peaceful country in the world, a position it has held since 2008. It is joined at the top of the index by Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, and Austria. Afghanistan is the least peaceful country in the world for the eighth consecutive year, followed by Yemen, Syria, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. All these countries in both groups, other than Ireland, have always been ranked among the ten most peaceful or least peaceful countries, highlighting the stickiness of peacefulness at both ends of the Index.
The war in Ukraine had a significant impact on global peacefulness, with Ukraine and Russia having the largest and fifth largest deteriorations in peacefulness respectively. Haiti, Mali, and Israel were the other countries with the largest deterioration.
The largest improvement in peacefulness occurred in Libya for the second successive year, followed by Burundi, Oman, Côte d'Ivoire, and Afghanistan.
Europe is the most peaceful region in the world and is home to seven of the ten most peaceful countries. The other three most peaceful countries are in the Asia- Pacific region. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remained the world’s least peaceful region. It is home to four of the ten least peaceful countries, however, it was also the region with the largest improvement in peace.
The largest improvements occurred in MENA and North America. North America’s improvement was driven by improvements in Canada. In the MENA region _Ongoing Conflict _domain was the primary driver of the improvement, with terrorism impact, internal conflicts fought, and _deaths from internal conflict _all improving.
The largest regional deterioration occurred in the Russia and Eurasia region. Although this was primarily driven by a deterioration in peacefulness in Ukraine and Russia, many other countries in the region also experienced significant falls in peacefulness.
Of the 23 indicators in the GPI, ten recorded improvements, eleven deteriorated, and two recorded no change. The _Safety and Security and Ongoing Conflict _domains both deteriorated, while the _Militarisation _domain recorded a slight improvement, continuing a long-term trend of improvement.
The largest year-on-year deteriorations occurred on the _external conflicts fought, deaths from internal conflict _and _political instability _indicators. The number of battle deaths had been rising even before the Ukraine conflict began, with the total number of conflict-related deaths rising by 45 per cent between 2020 and 2021.
On a more positive note, there were substantial improvements for several _Safety and Security _indicators, including _terrorism impact _and the _homicide _rate. Several countries in Central America and the Caribbean recorded reductions in the number of homicides, although the region still has the highest homicide rate on average of any area in the GPI.
Over the last 15 years, the world has become less peaceful, with the average country score deteriorating by five per cent. Of the 163 countries in the GPI, 95 recorded deteriorations, while 66 recorded improvements and two recorded no change in score. Sixteen of the 23 GPI indicators deteriorated between 2008 and 2023 while eight improved.
Two of the three GPI domains have deteriorated since 2008, with _Ongoing Conflict _deteriorating by 14 per cent and _Safety and Security _deteriorating by 5.4 per cent. _Militarization _was the only domain to improve. Some of the largest indicators deterioration were for external conflicts fought, internal conflicts fought, the _number of refugees and IDPs _and violent demonstrations. There were 120 countries where the number of _violent demonstrations _increased over the past fifteen years, compared to just 20 where it fell.
Executive Summary
Key Findings
1 Results
2 Trends
3 Economic Impact of Violence
4 Conflict Trends and Hotspots
5 Positive Peace
6 Appendices
This is the 17th edition of the Global Peace Index (GPI), which ranks 163 independent states and territories according to their level of peacefulness. Produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), the GPI is the world’s leading measure of global peacefulness. This report presents the most comprehensive data-driven analysis to date on trends in peace, its economic value, and how to develop peaceful societies.
The GPI covers 163 countries comprising 99.7 per cent of the world’s population, using 23 qualitative and quantitative indicators from highly respected sources, and measures the state of peace across three domains: the level of Societal Safety and Security; the extent of _Ongoing Domestic _and International Conflict; and the degree of Militarisation.
In addition to discussing the findings from the 2023 GPI, the report includes an analysis of current conflicts and potential future conflicts, including an analysis of the likely economic impact of a Chinese blockade of Taiwan on the global economy.
This year’s results found that the average level of global peacefulness deteriorated by 0.42 per cent. This is the thirteenth deterioration in peacefulness in the last fifteen years, with 84 countries improving and 79 deteriorating in peacefulness in 2022.
Iceland remains the most peaceful country in the world, a position it has held since 2008. It is joined at the top of the index by Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, and Austria. Afghanistan is the least peaceful country in the world for the eighth consecutive year, followed by Yemen, Syria, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. All these countries in both groups, other than Ireland, have always been ranked among the ten most peaceful or least peaceful countries, highlighting the stickiness of peacefulness at both ends of the Index.
The war in Ukraine had a significant impact on global peacefulness, with Ukraine and Russia having the largest and fifth largest deteriorations in peacefulness respectively. Haiti, Mali, and Israel were the other countries with the largest deterioration.
The largest improvement in peacefulness occurred in Libya for the second successive year, followed by Burundi, Oman, Côte d'Ivoire, and Afghanistan.
Europe is the most peaceful region in the world and is home to seven of the ten most peaceful countries. The other three most peaceful countries are in the Asia- Pacific region. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remained the world’s least peaceful region. It is home to four of the ten least peaceful countries, however, it was also the region with the largest improvement in peace.
The largest improvements occurred in MENA and North America. North America’s improvement was driven by improvements in Canada. In the MENA region _Ongoing Conflict _domain was the primary driver of the improvement, with terrorism impact, internal conflicts fought, and _deaths from internal conflict _all improving.
The largest regional deterioration occurred in the Russia and Eurasia region. Although this was primarily driven by a deterioration in peacefulness in Ukraine and Russia, many other countries in the region also experienced significant falls in peacefulness.
Of the 23 indicators in the GPI, ten recorded improvements, eleven deteriorated, and two recorded no change. The _Safety and Security and Ongoing Conflict _domains both deteriorated, while the _Militarisation _domain recorded a slight improvement, continuing a long-term trend of improvement.
The largest year-on-year deteriorations occurred on the _external conflicts fought, deaths from internal conflict _and _political instability _indicators. The number of battle deaths had been rising even before the Ukraine conflict began, with the total number of conflict-related deaths rising by 45 per cent between 2020 and 2021.
On a more positive note, there were substantial improvements for several _Safety and Security _indicators, including _terrorism impact _and the _homicide _rate. Several countries in Central America and the Caribbean recorded reductions in the number of homicides, although the region still has the highest homicide rate on average of any area in the GPI.
Over the last 15 years, the world has become less peaceful, with the average country score deteriorating by five per cent. Of the 163 countries in the GPI, 95 recorded deteriorations, while 66 recorded improvements and two recorded no change in score. Sixteen of the 23 GPI indicators deteriorated between 2008 and 2023 while eight improved.
Two of the three GPI domains have deteriorated since 2008, with _Ongoing Conflict _deteriorating by 14 per cent and _Safety and Security _deteriorating by 5.4 per cent. _Militarization _was the only domain to improve. Some of the largest indicators deterioration were for external conflicts fought, internal conflicts fought, the _number of refugees and IDPs _and violent demonstrations. There were 120 countries where the number of _violent demonstrations _increased over the past fifteen years, compared to just 20 where it fell.
Executive Summary
Key Findings
1 Results
2 Trends
3 Economic Impact of Violence
4 Conflict Trends and Hotspots
5 Positive Peace
6 Appendices
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